
ENTEROVIRUS 68
The rare virus suspected of sickening
1,000 kids in 11 states can start out like
the common cold but quickly evolve into
something much more serious, health
officials say.
The virus, known as enterovirus 68, is
similar to the rhinovirus that causes the
common cold, according to the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. But unlike a cold, the
infection can lead to severe respiratory
symptoms like wheezing.
"It’s the wheezing you have to watch out
for," said ABC News’ chief health and
medical editor, Dr. Richard Besser,
referring to the whistling sound
generated when air moves through
narrowed breathing tubes.
Unidentified Respiratory Virus Likely
to Hit Kids Across Country
Respiratory Virus Sickening Children
in Colorado
Doctors at Children's Hospital Colorado
in Denver have seen more than 900
pediatric patients with symptoms of the
virus in the emergency room since mid-
August, according to officials. The hospital
admitted 86 kids with severe symptoms
and a handful ended up in intensive care.
Beyond Colorado, suspected cases have
also been reported in Missouri, Kansas,
Illinois, Kentucky, Iowa, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Atlanta, Utah and Georgia, according to
the CDC. North Carolina has been
removed from the list of affected states,
the agency said today, but the list is
expected to grow.
"If your state doesn't have it now, watch
for it, it's coming," said Besser.
Here are five things you should know
about the outbreak.
Georgia and Pennsylvania reported
clusters of enterovirus 68 almost exactly
five years ago in September 2009,
according to a 2011 CDC report . Arizona
had a small cluster of cases in August and
September 2010, according to the same
report.
This Isn’t the First Enterovirus 68
Outbreak in the U.S.
While this isn’t the first time enterovirus
68 has popped up in the U.S., health
officials are still trying to figure out why
the virus has reemerged.
"This is a very common time for
outbreaks. Kids come back to school,
they like to share things, they bring them
home to their little brothers and sisters,"
said Besser, adding that most enterovirus
outbreaks occur in the summer. "But
this one, this particular enterovirus is
very rare, and they have no idea why it
showed up this year."
No One Knows How It Started
Studies on enterovirus 68 are limited,
and so is knowledge about how the virus
spreads.
Most enteroviruses spread through
contact with respiratory secretions like
saliva and mucous as well as feces,
according to the CDC.
The Department of Health and Senior
Services in Missouri, where at least 300
suspected cases have been reported,
recommends washing hands thoroughly
and often, avoiding close contact with
people how are sick, disinfecting
frequently-touched surfaces and staying
home with feeling sick.
No One Knows How It Spreads
There are no anti-viral medications for
enterovirus 68, and no vaccines to
prevent the infection, according to the
Missouri Department of Health a Senior
Services. Instead, health care providers
are tasked with treating the symptoms of
the infection – a job that may require
hospitalization.
"The important thing is to recognize the
signs of respiratory distress," said Besser,
describing how difficulty talking, audible
wheezing and bluish lip color can signal
distress. "There are treatments to
improve respiration."
There’s No Specific Treatment
Young children and people with asthma
may be particularly vulnerable to
enterovirus 68, health officials say.
Dr. Raju Meyappan, a pediatric critical
care physician at Rocky Mountain
Hospital for Children in Denver, said he's
seen multiple asthmatic children end up
on breathing tubes in intensive care unit
after contracting the virus.
"As a pediatric ICU doctor, we try our
best not to intubate kids with asthma at
any point in time," Meyappan said. "They
all needed it. The onset [of the virus] is
severe."
Children also appear to be more
susceptible than adults, according to a
CDC report released today about cases
in Missouri and Illinois. The ages of those
infected ranged from 6 weeks to 16
years, with most of the illnesses
occurring in children aged 4 and 5.